E China, ibizwa ngokuba ngu "Qi," luphawu lwezempilo. EJiphutha yayibizwa ngokuba yi "Anku," iphawu lobomi banaphakade. Kuba baseFenike, ireferensi yayihambelana ne-Aphrodite-uthixo othanda uthando nobuhle.
Ezi mpubuko zakudala zazibhekisa kubhedu, umbandela olwamkela kwihlabathi liphela. Xa i-Fenuenzas, iBacteria njengase-E. Coli, i-Superbugs enje nge-mrsa, okanye i-coronavirus yomhlaba onzima kakhulu, banokuphila kangangeentsuku ezine ukuya kwezintlanu. Kodwa xa bathe bahlabayo ngobhedu, kwaye ubhedu alloys njengobhedu, baqala ukufa ngaphakathi kwemizuzu kwaye abazange baphinde babe phantsi kweeyure.
UYall Keevil, uNjingalwazi woqwalaselo lwezeNdalo kwiDyunivesithi yase-Southampton. "Bahlaba ngobhedu kwaye zihlekisa nje." Akumangalisi ukuba eIndiya, abantu basele bephuma ngeendebe zobhedu zeminyaka. Nokuba eUnited States, umgca wobhedu izisa kumanzi akho okusela. Ubhedu yinto yendalo, engenasiphelo, isixhobo sokucoca. Inokuzibulala i-versilize ephezulu yayo ngaphandle kwesidingo sombane okanye i-bleach.
Ubhedu lwe-Copper ngexesha lohlaselo lwemizi-mveliso njengesixhobo sezinto, izinto ezilungisiweyo kunye nezakhiwo. Ubhedu lusenziwa ngokubanzi kwinethiwekhi yamandla - imakethi yobhedu, enyanisweni, enyanisweni, ngenxa yokuba izinto ezibonakalayo zinomqhubi osebenzayo. Kodwa loo nto ikhutshelwe ngaphandle kwezicelo ezininzi zokwakha ngamaza ezixhobo ezintsha ukusuka kwinkulungwane yama-20. Iiplasitiki, iglasi evuthayo, ialuminiyam, kunye nentsimbi engenazinto zizixhobo zangoku-zisetyenziselwa yonke into ukusuka kwimveliso ye-Apple kwiimveliso ze-Apple. I-Brass Dobs Nobs baphuma kwisitayile kunye nabayili abakhethe i-Sleeker-Ukujonga (kwaye bahlala behamba ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Ngoku uKeevil uyakholelwa ukuba ilixesha lokuzisa ubheduko kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, kunye nezibhedlele ikakhulu. Xa sijamelene nexesha elizayo lekamva elingenakuthintelwa lugcwele iibhulukhwe zehlabathi, kufuneka sisebenzise ubhedu kunyango lwezempilo, uhambo lukawonke-wonke, kunye namakhaya ethu. Kwaye ngelixa kugqitha kakhulu ukuba uyeke iCovid-19, akusekuqaleni kakhulu ukuba ucinga nge-pandemic yethu elandelayo.
Bekufanele ukuba siyibonile iyeza, kwaye inyani, kukho umntu.
Ngo-1983, umphandi wonyango uPhyllis J. Kuhn wabhala ukugxekwa okokuqala ukunyamalala kobhedu oye waqaphela izibhedlele. Ngexesha lokuzilolonga koqeqesho kwi-Hygiene kwiZiko lezoLimo laseHamot ePittsburgh, i-shiserd ephezulu ijikeleze esibhedlele, kubandakanya nezixhobo zendlu zangasese kunye neminyango. Uye wabona indlu yangasese yayicocekile kwiintsholongwane, ngelixa ezinye iimbacwe zazingcolile kwaye zikhule iintsholongwane eziyingozi xa zivunyelwe ukuphindaphinda iipleyiti ze-gared.
"Hlala kwaye ukhanye ukugqobhoza iingcango zentsimbi kunye neepleyiti zentsimbi zijongeka zicocekile emnyango wesibhedlele. Ngokwahlukileyo, iingcango ze minyango kunye nokucofa iipleyiti ezihlawulelweyo zobhedu kujongwa kwaye zingcolise, "wabhala ngelo xesha. "Kodwa kwanaxa kugalelwe, uBrass-i-Alloper iqhelekileyo engama-67% ye-5% ye-zinc- [ibulala intsholongwane], ngelixa intsimbi engathandekiyo-i-Iron i-88% ye-chromium-yenza i-chromium-i-chromium-i-chromium-ingenzi kangako ekukhuleni kwentsholongwane.
Ekugqibeleni, wasonga iphepha lakhe enesigqibo esilula ngokwaneleyo kwinkqubo yezempilo yokulandela. "Ukuba isibhedlele sakho sihlaziywa, zama ukugcina i-hardware ye-blastraware yakudala okanye iphinda iphindwe; Ukuba unezixhobo zentsimbi engenasitali, qinisekisa ukuba kuyabulawa yintsholongwane mihla le, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu. "
Kumashumi eminyaka kamva, kwaye kuvunyiwe ngenkxaso-mali kuMbutho woPhuhliso woPhengisa (iQela loRhwebo lwezobhedu), iKeevil ityhafile kuphando lukaKun. Ukusebenza kwilebhu yakhe kunye namanye owona manye awoyikekayo emhlabeni, uqonde ukuba kungekuphela nje ubhedu lubulala intsholongwane; Ikwayibulala intsholongwane.
Ngomsebenzi kaKeevil, uyayigijisela ipleyiti yotywala ukuze ayisebenzise. Emva koko uyigime kwi-acetone ukuze ususe nayiphi na ioyile eyongezelelweyo. Emva koko waphosa i-pathogen ye-pathogen ebusweni. Ngamaxesha owomileyo. Isampulu ihlala naphi na kwimizuzu embalwa ukuya kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Emva koko uyitshitshise kwibhokisi ezele ziibhlukhwe zeglasi kunye nolwelo. Iibhlukhwe ezikhupha intsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane ziye kulwelo, kwaye ulwelo lunokupasa ukufumanisa ubukho babo. Ngamanye amaxesha, uye waqulunqa iindlela ze-microscopy ezimvumele ukuba abukele-kwaye arekhodishwe-i-pathogen etshatyalaliswe ngobhedu ngalo mzuzu ubeka umphezulu.
Impembelelo ifana nomlingo, utsho, kodwa okwangoku, i-phenomena xa idlala icawa kakuhle. Xa intsholongwane okanye intsholongwane ihlasela ipleyiti, inezikhukula nge-copper lop. Ezo zion zingena kwiiseli kunye neentsholongwane ezinje ngeembumbulu. Ubhedu alubulala nje la machiza; Iyabatshabalalisa, kanye kwii-acids zenyukliya, okanye i-Blobries yokuzala, ngaphakathi.
UKeevil uthi: "Akukho thuba lokuguquguquka [okanye indaleko] kuba zonke iimfuza zitshatyalalisiwe. Leyo yenye yezibonelelo zokwenyani zobhedu. " Ngamanye amagama, ukusebenzisa ubhedu aluze nomngcipheko we, yithi, echaza i-antibiotics. Ngumbono olungileyo.
Kuvavanyo lwangempela yehlabathi, ubhedu lungqina ukuba i-LAB, abanye abaphandi balandele ukuba i-Tepper yeSebe leMfundo, kwaye isebenzisa iibhedi zonyango ze-Sport, kodwa ziyifumana njengabaphazi bezibhedlele ezisetyenziswa kwizibhedlele ezintathu, yona incitshiswe amazinga osulelo nge-58%. Isifundo esifanayo senziwe ngo-2016 ngaphakathi kweYunithi yoKhathalelo oluBala, nto leyo etshatileyo yokunciphisa okufanayo.
Kodwa kuthekani ngeendleko? Ubhedu luhlala lubiza kakhulu kuneplastiki okanye i-aluminium, kwaye ihlala ibeka i-terrier enye kwintsimbi. Kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba usulelo oluhlelwe esibhedlele luxabisa inkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo kangangeedola ezingama-45 bhiliyoni ngonyaka-ukuba ungakhankanywa abantu abangama-90,000 - iindleko zobhedu zingakhathalelwanga.
UKeevil, ongasafumani inkxaso-mali evela kwishishini lobhedu, ukholelwa ukuba uxanduva luwela kwizixhobo zokukhetha ubhedu kwiiprojekthi zokwakha. Ubhedu lwalungowokuqala (kwaye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku) okokugqibela) umhlaba wensimobial wesinyithi wamkelwe yi-EPA. . "Sibonise ubhedu-i-nickel lilungile njengobhedu ngokubulala iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane, utshilo. Kwaye i-ceker i-nickel ayidingi ukuba ijongeka ngathi ixilongo lakudala; Ingasebenziyo kwintsimbi engenasimo.
Ngokubhekisele kwezinye izakhiwo zehlabathi ezingavuzwanga ukuba zikhuphe umboniso wobhedu, iKeevil ineqhekeza lengcebiso: "Ungazisuseki, nantoni na oyenzayo. Ezi zezona zinto zintle uzifumene. "
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UNV-25-2021