Enye yezona zinyithi zibalulekileyo emhlabeni lubhedu. Ngaphandle kwayo, asikwazi ukwenza izinto esizithatha lula ezinjengokukhanyisa izibane okanye ukubukela umabonakude. Ubhedu yimithambo eyenza iikhompyutha zisebenze. Asinakukwazi ukuhamba ngeemoto ngaphandle kobhedu. Unxibelelwano lwaluza kuyeka ukufa. Kwaye iibhetri ze-lithium-ion azinakusebenza kwaphela ngaphandle kwayo.
Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zisebenzisa iintsimbi ezifana nobhedu kunye ne-aluminiyam ukwenza umrhumo wombane. Ibhetri nganye ye-lithium-ion ine-graphite anode, i-metal oxide cathode, kwaye isebenzisa i-electrolytes ekhuselwe ngumhluli. Ukutshaja ibhetri kubangela ukuba ii-ion ze-lithium zihambe kwi-electrolytes kwaye ziqokelele kwi-graphite anode kunye nee-electron ezithunyelwe ngoqhagamshelwano. Ukukhupha ibhetri kuthumela iiyoni emva apho bezifike khona kwaye kunyanzelise ii-electrons ukuba zidlule kwisekethe zenza umbane. Ibhetri iya kuphelelwa xa zonke ii-ion ze-lithium kunye nee-electron zibuyela kwi-cathode.
Ke, yeyiphi indima edlalwa ubhedu kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion? Igraphite idityaniswe nobhedu xa udala i-anode. Ubhedu luxhathisa kwi-oxidization, leyo yinkqubo yeekhemikhali apho ii-electron zesinye isici zilahleka kwenye into. Oku kubangela umhlwa. I-oxidization yenzeka xa imichiza kunye neoksijini zidibana nento ethile, efana nendlela intsimbi edibana ngayo namanzi kunye neoksijini idala umhlwa. Ubhedu alunamhlwa.
Ifoyile yobheduisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion kuba akukho zithintelo ezinobungakanani bayo. Unokuba nayo ixesha elide njengoko ufuna kwaye ube mncinci njengoko ufuna. I-Copper ngokwemvelo yayo ingumqokeleli wangoku onamandla, kodwa ivumela ukusasazwa okukhulu kunye nokulinganayo kwangoku.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zefoyile yobhedu: i-rolled and electrolytic. Ifoyile yakho yobhedu eqengqelekayo isetyenziselwa ubugcisa kunye noyilo ngalunye. Yenziwe ngenkqubo yokwazisa ubushushu ngelixa icinezelwa phantsi ngezikhonkwane zokuqengqeleka. Ukudala i-electrolytic copper foil enokuthi isetyenziswe kwithekhnoloji ibandakanyeka ngakumbi. Iqala ngokunyibilikisa ubhedu obukumgangatho ophezulu kwiasidi. Oku kudala i-electrolyte yobhedu enokuthi yongezwe kubhedu ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-electrolytic plating. Kule nkqubo, umbane usetyenziselwa ukongeza i-electrolyte yobhedu kwifoyile yobhedu kwiidramu ezijikelezayo ezinombane.
I-foil yobhedu ayikho ngaphandle kweziphene zayo. Ifoyile yobhedu inokujika. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka ke ukuqokelelwa kwamandla kunye nokusasazeka kunokuchaphazeleka kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, ifoyile yobhedu inokuchatshazelwa yimithombo yangaphandle efana neempawu ze-electromagnetic, amandla e-microwave, kunye nobushushu obugqithisileyo. Ezi zinto zinokucotha okanye zide zitshabalalise amandla okusebenza kakuhle kwefoyile yobhedu. Iialkali kunye nezinye iiasidi zinokukonakalisa ukusebenza kwefoyile yobhedu. Kungenxa yoko le nto iinkampani ezifanaCIVENIzinyithi zidala iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso zobhedu.
Baye bakhusela ifoyile yobhedu elwa nobushushu kunye nezinye iindlela zokuphazamiseka. Benza ifoyile yobhedu kwiimveliso ezithile ezifana neebhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo (PCBs) kunye neebhodi zesekethe eziguquguqukayo (FCBs). Ngokwendalo benza ifoyile yobhedu kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion.
Iibhetri zeLithium-ion ziba yinto eqhelekileyo, ngakumbi ngeemoto njengoko zinika amandla iimotor zokungenisa ezifana nezo ziveliswa nguTesla. Iinjini zokungeniswa zineendawo ezimbalwa ezihambayo kwaye zisebenza ngcono. Iimotor induction zazithathwa njengezingafumanekiyo kwiimfuno zamandla ezazingekho ngelo xesha. UTesla wakwazi ukwenza oku kwenzeke ngeeseli zabo zebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Iseli nganye yenziwe ngeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, zonke zinefoyile yobhedu.
Imfuno yefoyile yobhedu ifikelele kwindawo ephakamileyo kakhulu. Imarike yefoyile yobhedu eyenziwe ngaphezulu kwe-7 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2019 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba yenze ngaphezulu kwe-8 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2026. Oku kungenxa yeenguqu kushishino lweemoto ezithembisa ukutshintshela kwiinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi ukuya kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion. Nangona kunjalo, iimoto aziyi kuba kuphela kweshishini elichaphazelekayo njengoko iikhompyutha kunye nezinye izinto zombane zisebenzisa i-foil yobhedu. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa kuphela ukuba ixabiso leifoyile yobheduiya kuqhubeka nokunyuka kwishumi leminyaka elizayo.
Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zaqala ukunikwa ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi ngo-1976, kwaye ziya kuveliswa ngobuninzi borhwebo ngo-1991. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zaziza kuthandwa kakhulu kwaye ziya kuphuculwa kakhulu. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwabo kwiimoto, kukhuselekile ukuthi baya kufumana ezinye izinto kwihlabathi elixhomekeke kumandla atshayo njengoko zitshajwa kwaye zisebenza ngakumbi. Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zikamva lamandla, kodwa aziyonto ngaphandle kwefoyile yobhedu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-25-2022